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Question

Difficulty: HardMust Be True / Most Strongly Supported

Aviation regulatory standards and carrier fleet records establish the following facts:

• Every commercial aircraft certified for transoceanic passenger flights is equipped with an automated triple-redundant flight-control architecture.
• Any aircraft equipped with an automated triple-redundant flight-control architecture utilizes optical bus data routing unless it maintains an isolated auxiliary galvanic power cell.
• No aircraft that maintains an isolated auxiliary galvanic power cell is permitted to operate with a single-source lithium-ion primary battery.
• A regional carrier operates several aircraft that are certified for transoceanic passenger flights and rely on a single-source lithium-ion primary battery.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

  1. A
    Any commercial aircraft that utilizes optical bus data routing is certified for transoceanic passenger flights.
  2. B
    Every aircraft in the regional carrier's fleet is equipped with an automated triple-redundant flight-control architecture.
  3. At least some of the regional carrier's aircraft utilize optical bus data routing.Answer
  4. D
    Any aircraft that does not maintain an isolated auxiliary galvanic power cell is certified for transoceanic passenger flights.
  5. E
    Most commercial aircraft that operate with a single-source lithium-ion primary battery fail to meet transoceanic passenger flight standards.

Answer

At least some of the regional carrier's aircraft utilize optical bus data routing.
The deduction is logically airtight. The carrier operates aircraft that possess transoceanic certification (which requires triple-redundant flight control) and utilize single-source lithium-ion batteries (which precludes isolated galvanic power cells). Because these aircraft possess triple-redundant architecture and lack galvanic power cells, the second rule deductively guarantees that they must utilize optical bus data routing.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Formalize the universal conditional rules from the stimulus.
Rule 1: Transoceanic Certification →\rightarrow Triple-Redundant Architecture. Rule 2: Triple-Redundant Architecture ∧\land No Galvanic Cell →\rightarrow Optical Bus Routing. Rule 3: Single Lithium-ion Battery →\rightarrow No Galvanic Cell.
Converting English statements to formal conditional logic isolates the precise deductive constraints.
2
Identify the existential premise regarding the regional carrier's fleet.
There exist aircraft xx in the carrier's fleet such that xx has Transoceanic Certification and xx uses a Single Lithium-ion Battery.
Existential premises establish the factual starting points to instantiate universal conditionals.
3
Chain the deductions for the carrier's identified aircraft.
For these aircraft xx: Transoceanic Certification guarantees Triple-Redundant Architecture; Single Lithium-ion Battery guarantees No Galvanic Cell. By Rule 2, having Triple-Redundant Architecture without a Galvanic Cell strictly guarantees Optical Bus Routing.
Applying modus ponens across the linked chain proves that these specific aircraft must utilize optical bus data routing.

Key Concept

Multi-premise conditional chaining with quantifiers and disjunctive elimination
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Must Be True / Most Strongly Supported

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