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Difficulty: MediumHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention

A home healthcare nurse is developing a comprehensive care plan for a 68-year-old client recovering from a recent myocardial infarction. The nurse identifies several interventions to include in the plan of care to promote optimal health outcomes. Which of the following planned interventions specifically represents a secondary level of disease prevention?

  1. Administering the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess for early signs of depression.Answer
  2. B
    Arranging for the client to receive the annual influenza and updated pneumococcal vaccines.
  3. C
    Teaching the client energy conservation techniques to use during cardiac rehabilitation exercises.
  4. D
    Removing loose scatter rugs and securing electrical cords to reduce the risk of falls in the home.

Answer

Administering the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess for early signs of depression.
Secondary prevention involves interventions aimed at early detection through screening and prompt treatment of a disease or condition to halt its progression. Clients recovering from a myocardial infarction are at a high risk for developing depression. Administering a screening tool such as the PHQ-9 allows the nurse to detect early signs of depression and initiate timely treatment, making this a classic example of secondary prevention.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define the goal of secondary prevention in nursing practice.
Secondary prevention focuses on screening, early detection, and prompt treatment of diseases or conditions.
Understanding the definitions of prevention levels is necessary to accurately classify nursing interventions.
2
Analyze each intervention to determine its prevention level.
Vaccinations and fall hazard removal are primary prevention (preventing illness/injury). Cardiac rehabilitation is tertiary prevention (managing existing disease). The PHQ-9 is a screening tool.
Matching each intervention to the correct prevention level eliminates distractors.
3
Select the intervention that aligns with secondary prevention.
The depression screening (PHQ-9) is the only intervention that represents early detection and secondary prevention.
Screening for depression in a high-risk client allows for early intervention before the condition worsens.

Key Concept

Levels of Disease Prevention
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Topics

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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