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Difficulty: HardHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention

A registered nurse is preparing a staff education seminar on the epidemiological framework of disease prevention. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as examples of secondary prevention? Select all that apply.

  1. A
    Administering the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to a healthy 11-year-old client.
  2. Performing a hemoglobin A1c test on an asymptomatic 45-year-old client with a body mass index (BMI) of 32.Answer
  3. C
    Teaching daily foot inspection techniques to a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  4. Conducting a baseline audiometry screening for employees working in a high-noise manufacturing facility.Answer
  5. E
    Providing education on smoking cessation and physical activity to healthy young adults at a community health fair.
  6. Performing a one-time abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ultrasonography on a 68-year-old male with a smoking history.Answer

Answer

The correct interventions are performing a hemoglobin A1c test, conducting a baseline audiometry screening, and performing a one-time abdominal aortic aneurysm ultrasonography.
Secondary prevention strategies focus on the early detection and prompt intervention of diseases in asymptomatic or at-risk individuals. The correct interventions all involve screening measures: hemoglobin A1c testing to screen for diabetes, audiometry to screen for hearing loss, and ultrasonography to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. These interventions aim to detect conditions early so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease progression.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define secondary prevention within the epidemiological framework.
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of a disease or condition, primarily through screening.
Establishing the correct definition is necessary to evaluate the interventions accurately.
2
Evaluate each option to determine if its primary goal is early detection in asymptomatic or at-risk individuals.
The A1c test, audiometry screening, and AAA ultrasonography are all screening tools designed to detect diseases early.
Identifying the true screening interventions separates secondary prevention from primary and tertiary actions.
3
Identify and exclude interventions that fall under primary or tertiary prevention.
Vaccines and community health education are primary prevention. Teaching foot care to a diabetic client is tertiary prevention.
Excluding the incorrect levels of prevention confirms the correct selections.

Key Concept

The epidemiological framework classifies disease prevention into three levels: primary (preventing disease onset), secondary (early detection through screening), and tertiary (managing an existing disease to prevent further complications).
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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