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Difficulty: MediumHealth Screening

A public health nurse is conducting a community wellness clinic that provides health screenings and education across the lifespan. Which nursing action demonstrates an accurate application of evidence-based health screening principles?

  1. A
    Documenting the administration of a recombinant zoster vaccine for a 65-year-old client as an effective secondary prevention measure.
  2. B
    Deferring cognitive screening for an 80-year-old client with sudden, new-onset disorientation by attributing it to the expected aging process.
  3. Initiating a standardized developmental screening tool for a 24-month-old toddler to facilitate the early detection of communication and neurodevelopmental delays.Answer
  4. D
    Performing a routine abdominal health screening by deeply palpating the client's quadrants before auscultating for bowel activity.

Answer

The correct action is initiating a standardized developmental screening tool for a 24-month-old toddler to facilitate the early detection of delays.
The correct answer demonstrates an accurate understanding of secondary prevention and health screening across the lifespan. Administering standardized developmental and behavioral screenings at specific pediatric milestones (such as 24 months) is an evidence-based practice designed to identify developmental delays early. This represents the primary goal of secondary prevention.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the action involving the administration of a vaccine.
Vaccination is determined to be primary prevention, not secondary prevention.
Primary prevention stops a disease before it occurs, whereas health screening is considered secondary prevention (early detection).
2
Evaluate the action of deferring cognitive screening for an older adult with sudden disorientation.
This action is incorrect because acute confusion is pathological, not physiological.
Assuming acute cognitive changes are a normal part of aging delays critical diagnostic screening and can lead to severe adverse outcomes.
3
Review the sequence described for the abdominal health screening.
The sequence is incorrect; auscultation must always precede palpation.
Palpating the abdomen first artificially stimulates the bowels, producing inaccurate auscultation findings.
4
Assess the action of performing a developmental screening on a toddler.
This is an evidence-based, accurate application of health screening.
Standardized developmental screenings at specific milestones are recommended to identify delays early, which is the core goal of secondary prevention.

Key Concept

Levels of Disease Prevention and Lifespan Screening Guidelines
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Topics

Health Screening

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