A nursing supervisor is auditing isolation protocols for four newly admitted clients on a medical-surgical unit. Match each client's clinical presentation or diagnosis with the primary infection control intervention required by current evidence-based guidelines.
- Client presenting with a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a thick, gray pseudomembrane covering the tonsils.Place in a private room and require staff to wear a standard surgical mask upon entry.
- International traveler admitted with coryza, fever, and small white spots (Koplik spots) on the buccal mucosa.Assign to an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) and require staff to don N95 respirators.
- Client admitted with severe dysentery and a stool culture confirming Shigella species.Require gown and gloves for all interactions and prioritize hand hygiene with soap and water.
- Client diagnosed with atypical pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila.Maintain standard precautions; no specialized transmission-based isolation room is required.
Answer
Diphtheria requires droplet precautions (surgical mask). Measles requires airborne precautions (negative-pressure room, N95 respirator). Shigella requires contact precautions (gown, gloves, strict handwashing). Legionella requires only standard precautions.
Each client's clinical presentation points to a specific pathogen with a distinct transmission route. Rubeola (measles) requires airborne isolation; diphtheria requires droplet precautions; Shigella requires contact precautions; and Legionella requires only standard precautions as it is not spread from person to person.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Transmission-Based Precautions: Differentiating Airborne, Droplet, Contact, and Standard isolation requirements based on clinical presentation.
Estimated Time:2m 0s