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Difficulty: MediumHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention

A community health nurse is developing a population health program and mentoring a nursing student on the levels of disease prevention. The nurse asks the student to identify an example of tertiary prevention. Which of the following examples provided by the student indicates a correct understanding?

  1. A
    Coordinating a community immunization clinic to administer the seasonal influenza vaccine to high-risk populations.
  2. B
    Performing cognitive screenings for older adults while advising them that a sudden onset of severe confusion is a normal part of the aging process.
  3. Teaching a client who recently survived a myocardial infarction how to implement energy conservation techniques during activities of daily living.Answer
  4. D
    Conducting a burn prevention workshop that uses abstract scientific concepts to explain fire safety to three-year-old children.

Answer

The intervention that involves teaching energy conservation techniques to a myocardial infarction survivor.
Tertiary prevention involves interventions directed at clients who already have a chronic disease or are recovering from a severe health event. The goal is to minimize disease progression, prevent complications, and maximize the client's functional capacity. Teaching a myocardial infarction survivor how to manage daily activities safely is a classic example of rehabilitative tertiary care.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define tertiary prevention.
Tertiary prevention focuses on individuals who already have a symptomatic disease or disability, aiming to soften the impact, prevent complications, and restore function.
Establishing the correct definition is necessary to evaluate the interventions presented in the options.
2
Evaluate the immunization clinic intervention.
Vaccines prevent disease before it ever occurs, which classifies strictly as primary prevention.
This identifies the correct prevention level for immunizations and eliminates it as an answer.
3
Evaluate the cognitive screening intervention.
Screenings are secondary prevention (early detection). Furthermore, attributing sudden severe confusion to normal aging is a critical clinical error.
This rules out the option based on both an incorrect prevention level and a dangerous clinical misconception.
4
Evaluate the burn prevention workshop intervention.
Prevention education is primary prevention. Also, using abstract reasoning is developmentally inappropriate for three-year-old children.
This rules out the option due to an incorrect prevention level and flawed developmental application.
5
Evaluate the myocardial infarction teaching intervention.
This intervention targets a client with an established disease to optimize their cardiac function and prevent complications from overexertion, which perfectly fits the definition of tertiary prevention.
This confirms the correct answer.

Key Concept

Levels of Disease Prevention
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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