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Difficulty: MediumHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention

A nurse at an outpatient primary care clinic is planning health promotion interventions for several clients on the daily schedule. Which nursing action correctly demonstrates a secondary level of disease prevention?

  1. Conducting a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for a postmenopausal client to assess bone density.Answer
  2. B
    Administering the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine to a 68-year-old client to protect against respiratory infections.
  3. C
    Teaching a client with a recent stroke about specific swallowing techniques to avoid aspiration pneumonia.
  4. D
    Educating a healthy pregnant client about incorporating folic acid into their daily diet to prevent neural tube defects.

Answer

Conducting a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for a postmenopausal client to assess bone density.
Secondary prevention strategies are aimed at early detection and diagnosis of health problems in asymptomatic or at-risk individuals to facilitate early treatment. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is a screening test used to identify decreased bone density and diagnose osteoporosis early in high-risk populations, such as postmenopausal clients, before major complications like fractures occur.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the question requirements.
The scenario requires identifying a clinical intervention that specifically represents secondary disease prevention.
Establishing the precise level of prevention targeted by the question is required to accurately evaluate the given clinical actions.
2
Recall the definitions for the three levels of prevention.
Primary prevents disease onset (vaccines, education); Secondary focuses on early detection/screening in asymptomatic individuals; Tertiary manages established disease to prevent complications.
Applying core definitions accurately is necessary to classify each nursing option.
3
Evaluate each option using the established definitions.
Vaccinations and dietary education are primary. Post-stroke safety teaching is tertiary. The DEXA scan is a screening test, making it secondary.
Systematic evaluation ensures the correct classification of the DEXA scan as a secondary prevention measure.

Key Concept

Levels of Disease Prevention
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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