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Difficulty: MediumHealth Screening

A nurse in an ambulatory care clinic is reviewing health promotion and disease prevention strategies with a group of nursing students. Which scenario identified by a student demonstrates an accurate understanding and application of secondary prevention?

  1. Scheduling a 65-year-old asymptomatic female client for a routine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanAnswer
  2. B
    Administering the recombinant zoster vaccine to a 60-year-old client with a history of childhood chickenpox
  3. C
    Initiating range-of-motion exercises for a client who recently experienced an ischemic stroke to prevent contractures
  4. D
    Screening a 15-month-old toddler's visual acuity using a standard Snellen letter chart during a well-child visit

Answer

Scheduling a 65-year-old asymptomatic female client for a routine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.
The correct answer accurately identifies a secondary prevention strategy, which focuses on the early detection and treatment of disease in asymptomatic individuals. Scheduling an asymptomatic 65-year-old woman for a screening DEXA scan perfectly exemplifies this level of prevention, as it aims to detect osteoporosis early before fractures occur.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define secondary prevention in the context of health promotion.
Secondary prevention involves early detection, screening, and prompt treatment of diseases in asymptomatic individuals to halt disease progression.
Establishing the definition helps accurately categorize the clinical interventions.
2
Analyze each option against the definition of secondary prevention.
Vaccinations are primary prevention. Post-stroke physical therapy is tertiary prevention. A screening DEXA scan is secondary prevention.
Differentiating the levels of prevention isolates the correct category.
3
Evaluate the clinical appropriateness of the remaining screening interventions.
A routine DEXA scan for a 65-year-old woman aligns with evidence-based guidelines. Using a Snellen chart for a 15-month-old is developmentally incorrect.
An option must be both clinically accurate and categorized correctly to demonstrate accurate student understanding.

Key Concept

Levels of Disease Prevention and Appropriate Screening Modalities
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Topics

Health Screening

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