Match each clinical presentation to the most appropriate transmission-based or standard precaution category required for the client's care.
- A 6-year-old client presenting with a maculopapular rash and diagnosed with rubella (German measles).Droplet Precautions: Requires a private room and use of a surgical mask by healthcare workers upon room entry.
- A 10-year-old client presenting with Koplik spots and diagnosed with rubeola (measles).Airborne Precautions: Requires placement in a negative-pressure isolation room and use of an N95 respirator or higher.
- A 45-year-old client admitted for treatment of a severe scabies infestation.Contact Precautions: Requires a private room and use of a gown and gloves by healthcare workers upon room entry.
- A 28-year-old client diagnosed with Lyme disease after a recent camping trip.Standard Precautions: Requires appropriate hand hygiene and use of PPE only if exposure to blood or body fluids is anticipated.
Answer
Rubella requires Droplet Precautions; Rubeola requires Airborne Precautions; Scabies requires Contact Precautions; Lyme disease requires Standard Precautions.
The appropriate isolation category is determined by the specific pathogen's mode of transmission. Rubella spreads via large respiratory droplets (Droplet precautions). Rubeola spreads via small, aerosolized droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air (Airborne precautions). Scabies is an infestation spread by direct skin-to-skin contact (Contact precautions). Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and is not contagious from person to person (Standard precautions).
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Transmission-Based Precautions for Specific Pathogens