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Difficulty: MediumStandard and Transmission-Based Precautions

The charge nurse is reviewing bed assignments and infection control requirements for several newly admitted clients. Match each client's clinical presentation with the most appropriate isolation room assignment and required personal protective equipment (PPE).

  • Client with a generalized maculopapular rash, high fever, and coryza, suspected of having rubeola.Airborne Precautions: Negative airflow room; N95 respirator required for staff.
  • Client with severe, spasmodic coughing episodes followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound.Droplet Precautions: Private room; standard surgical mask required for staff.
  • Client with profuse, foul-smelling diarrhea following a prolonged course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.Contact (Enteric) Precautions: Private room; gown and gloves required; handwashing with soap and water.
  • Client with an acute, highly contagious eruption of pruritic vesicular lesions on the face and trunk.Airborne and Contact Precautions: Negative airflow room; N95 respirator, gown, and gloves required for staff.

Answer

Rubeola matches Airborne Precautions. Pertussis matches Droplet Precautions. C. difficile matches Contact (Enteric) Precautions. Varicella matches Airborne and Contact Precautions.
Each pathogen has specific transmission routes. Rubeola requires airborne precautions due to small droplet nuclei. Pertussis is spread through larger respiratory droplets requiring droplet precautions. Clostridioides difficile forms spores requiring contact precautions and specific handwashing with soap and water. Varicella is highly contagious via both air and direct contact, necessitating combined airborne and contact precautions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the suspected pathogen or disease for each clinical presentation.
Left 1 is rubeola (measles); Left 2 is pertussis (whooping cough); Left 3 is Clostridioides difficile (C. diff); Left 4 is varicella (chickenpox).
Accurate recognition of the disease is required to determine the mode of transmission.
2
Determine the mode of transmission and corresponding precaution category for each identified disease.
Measles is airborne. Pertussis is droplet. C. diff is contact (spore-forming). Varicella is airborne and contact.
Transmission routes dictate the specific environmental controls and PPE needed to prevent healthcare-associated infections.
3
Match the precaution category to the specific room and PPE requirements listed on the right.
Measles requires a negative airflow room and N95. Pertussis requires a surgical mask. C. diff requires gown, gloves, and soap/water handwashing. Varicella requires negative airflow, N95, gown, and gloves.
Applying standard infection control guidelines ensures a safe healthcare environment for both staff and other clients.

Key Concept

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
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Topics

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions

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