A registered nurse in a community clinic is conducting an initial intake for a newly registered 52-year-old male client. The client has a body mass index (BMI) of 31, a 25-pack-year smoking history, and continues to smoke half a pack of cigarettes daily. He reports feeling healthy and has not seen a healthcare provider in over a decade. Based on current evidence-based guidelines, which of the following secondary prevention health screenings are indicated for this client? Select all that apply.
- Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chestAnswer
- Colorectal cancer screening via colonoscopy or a stool-based testAnswer
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus screening using a hemoglobin A1c levelAnswer
- DAdministration of the two-dose recombinant zoster vaccine series
- EOne-time ultrasonography to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm
- FRoutine cognitive impairment screening using a validated assessment tool
Answer
The indicated secondary prevention screenings for this client include low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest, colorectal cancer screening, and type 2 diabetes mellitus screening.
Based on current national guidelines, this 52-year-old client requires three specific secondary prevention screenings. First, annual lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended for adults aged 50 to 80 who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke. Second, colorectal cancer screening is universally recommended for adults beginning at age 45. Third, screening for type 2 diabetes is indicated for adults aged 35 to 70 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25). These interventions correctly represent secondary prevention aimed at early detection.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection of disease through evidence-based health screenings tailored to a client's specific age, biological sex, and risk factors (e.g., smoking history, BMI).