Question

Difficulty: MediumPunctuation of Nonessential Elements

Complete the passage by entering the punctuation mark that correctly sets off the nonessential element in the sentence.

Answer:In 1928, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the world's first effective antibiotic, quite by accident. While studying *Staphylococcus* bacteria in his London laboratory, Fleming noticed that a contaminated Petri dish—which had been left unattended near an open window 【—】 had grown a mold that successfully inhibited the growth of the surrounding bacteria.

Answer

An em dash (—) is required to close the nonessential relative clause and match the opening em dash.
The sentence features a nonessential relative clause ('which had been left unattended near an open window') that interrupts the flow between the subject ('Petri dish') and its verb phrase ('had grown'). Standard English requires nonessential elements to be set off with matching punctuation. Because the clause is introduced with an em dash, a matching em dash must be used to close it.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The clause starting with 'which' and ending at the blank is nonessential to the main clause of the sentence.
Removing the clause 'which had been left unattended near an open window' does not change the core grammatical structure or primary meaning of the sentence.
2
Identify the punctuation mark that introduces the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) is used immediately before the relative pronoun 'which'.
Standard punctuation conventions require nonessential elements to be set off with matching pairs of punctuation marks.
3
Determine the correct punctuation to end the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) must be placed in the blank.
Since the nonessential clause begins with an em dash, it must also end with an em dash to maintain grammatical symmetry.

Key Concept

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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