Question

Difficulty: HardExplicit Details

Unlike the warm, high-salinity waters of the Mediterranean, which host wood-boring shipworms (*Teredo navalis*) that rapidly consume submerged timber, the Baltic Sea possesses a unique environment that preserves wooden shipwrecks for centuries. The Baltic Sea is characterized by low salinity levels, typically ranging from 33 to 1515 parts per thousand, which is far below the threshold required for *Teredo navalis* to survive and reproduce. Consequently, wooden vessels like the seventeenth-century warship *Vasa* remained nearly intact until their salvage. However, these wrecks are not entirely immune to decay; low-oxygen-tolerant soft-rot fungi and erosion bacteria slowly degrade the wood fibers over long periods, albeit at a drastically reduced rate compared to warm-water wood-borers.

Based on the text, what is true of the decay of wooden shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea?

  1. A
    It is completely prevented by the Baltic Sea's low salinity levels, which eliminate all wood-degrading organisms.
  2. B
    It occurs at a rate comparable to the decay of wooden vessels submerged in the Mediterranean Sea.
  3. It is carried out slowly by soft-rot fungi and bacteria that can tolerate low-oxygen environments.Answer
  4. D
    It will rapidly accelerate now that the seventeenth-century warship *Vasa* has been salvaged.

Answer

The decay of wooden shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea is carried out slowly by soft-rot fungi and bacteria that can tolerate low-oxygen environments.
The passage states that wooden shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea are not completely immune to decay because low-oxygen-tolerant soft-rot fungi and erosion bacteria slowly degrade the wood fibers over long periods. This directly supports the statement that the decay is carried out slowly by organisms that can tolerate low-oxygen environments.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage to locate details regarding the decay of wooden shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea.
The passage indicates that wooden wrecks in the Baltic Sea are not completely immune to decay because low-oxygen-tolerant soft-rot fungi and erosion bacteria slowly degrade the wood fibers over long periods.
This step identifies the specific explicit details in the text that describe how the decay occurs.
2
Evaluate the choices to find the one that directly matches the explicit details without making outside assumptions.
The statement about decay being carried out slowly by soft-rot fungi and bacteria that can tolerate low-oxygen environments matches the text. Other choices either misread the text's description of salinity and decay rates or make speculative claims about salvage.
This step ensures the correct answer is selected based strictly on the text, avoiding distractors that rely on misreading or unsupported speculation.

Key Concept

Identifying explicit details in a passage and selecting the statement directly supported by the text without making speculative inferences.
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