Text 1
Young octopuses of the species *Octopus vulgaris* are frequently observed interacting with inanimate objects, such as shells or pebbles, in what appears to be play. Some marine biologists argue that this play behavior is crucial for cognitive development. By manipulating various shapes and textures, young octopuses are thought to build the complex neural pathways needed to navigate their environments and solve problems as adults. From this view, play is a vital learning phase that prepares the animals for the challenges of survival.
Text 2
In a study of *Octopus vulgaris*, researcher Dr. Kenji Sato monitored juvenile play behavior and subsequent adult problem-solving skills, such as opening jars. Sato's team found no statistical correlation between the frequency of early play and adult success in foraging or puzzle-solving. Instead, Sato suggests that play in octopuses is simply a byproduct of excess energy rather than an essential developmental tool. While play may occur, it does not seem to play a functional role in honing the animals' cognitive abilities.
Based on the texts, how would Dr. Kenji Sato (Text 2) most likely respond to the claim in Text 1 that play is a vital learning phase for young octopuses?
- By pointing out that early play behavior does not correlate with greater success in adult tasks.Answer
- BBy agreeing that play helps octopuses navigate their environments but questioning if it helps them solve problems.
- CBy asserting that playing with inanimate objects prevents young octopuses from developing essential neural pathways.
- DBy suggesting that juvenile octopuses only play when they lack the energy to search for food.