Question

Difficulty: HardCentral Ideas

For centuries, papyrus was the dominant writing material of the Mediterranean, but its susceptibility to moisture posed a significant challenge in cooler, wetter climates. The widespread adoption of parchment—made from processed animal skins—is often credited with preserving classical literature through the Middle Ages. However, historians argue that parchment's ascendancy was not merely a matter of environmental durability. Parchment was highly reusable; scribes could scrape away old text to create palimpsests, allowing monasteries to recycle scarce writing surfaces. Thus, while parchment did physically endure better than papyrus, its economic versatility and suitability for localized, resource-constrained monastic production were equally decisive in its rise.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

  1. A
    A shortage of Mediterranean papyrus forced medieval monasteries to adopt parchment as their primary medium for copying classical literature.
  2. Parchment's rise to prominence over papyrus was due to a combination of its physical resilience and its economic utility, especially its capacity for reusability.Answer
  3. C
    The materials used for writing throughout history have been determined by the geographical availability of animal resources.
  4. D
    Parchment became dominant because papyrus was physically incapable of surviving the climate outside of the Mediterranean basin.

Answer

Parchment's rise to prominence over papyrus was due to a combination of its physical resilience and its economic utility, especially its capacity for reusability.
The correct option correctly identifies the main idea of the passage. The author argues that parchment's ascendance was not just a result of its durability (physical resilience) but was equally driven by its economic versatility, particularly the ability of scribes to recycle it by scraping away old text.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage structure and author's argument.
The passage begins by acknowledging the physical durability of parchment over papyrus, but shifts focus with 'However' to introduce the main claim: parchment's rise was also due to practical and economic factors (reusability via scraping/palimpsests).
Identifying the shift in focus helps locate the central thesis of the passage.
2
Evaluate the answer choices against the passage's dual focus on physical and economic factors.
The correct answer accurately synthesizes both factors (physical resilience and economic utility/reusability), whereas the other choices either overgeneralize, focus on unsupported claims, or mischaracterize details.
Ensures the selected option represents the main idea comprehensively and accurately.

Key Concept

Central Ideas
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