Question

Difficulty: MediumPunctuation of Nonessential Elements

Read the passage below. Based on the rules of Standard English conventions, which punctuation mark must fill the blank to correctly set off the nonessential element?

Answer:In 1735, the self-taught English clockmaker John Harrison presented his first marine chronometer—a revolutionary timekeeping device designed to accurately calculate longitude at sea【—】to the British Board of Longitude. Harrison’s ingenious invention solved a monumental navigation problem that had baffled scientists for centuries, enabling sailors to safely navigate the open ocean by determining their precise east-west position.

Answer

An em dash (—)
The correct punctuation mark is an em dash because the nonessential appositive phrase 'a revolutionary timekeeping device designed to accurately calculate longitude at sea' is opened with an em dash. Under Standard English conventions, nonessential elements must be set off with matching pairs of punctuation (comma-comma, dash-dash, or parenthesis-parenthesis). Thus, an em dash must be used to close the phrase to maintain punctuation symmetry.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'a revolutionary timekeeping device designed to accurately calculate longitude at sea' is determined to be an appositive phrase that provides nonessential descriptive details about the 'marine chronometer'.
Identifying the nonessential element is necessary to determine where punctuation boundaries must be established.
2
Examine the punctuation mark used to open the nonessential element.
An em dash ('—') is used immediately after 'chronometer' to introduce the appositive phrase.
Standard English conventions require that nonessential elements be set off from the rest of the sentence using a matching pair of punctuation marks.
3
Determine the correct punctuation mark to close the nonessential element.
An em dash ('—') must be placed in the blank before 'to the British Board' to match the opening em dash.
Using any other punctuation mark would violate the rule of punctuation symmetry.

Key Concept

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
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