Question

Difficulty: MediumSystems of Linear Equations
Consider the system of equations below.
3(x+y)−2(x−y)=202(x+y)+3(x−y)=22\begin{aligned} 3(x + y) - 2(x - y) &= 20 \\ 2(x + y) + 3(x - y) &= 22 \end{aligned}
If (x,y)(x, y) is the solution to the system of equations, what is the value of xx?

Answer: 5

Answer

The value of xx is 55.
Expanding and simplifying the given system yields x+5y=20x + 5y = 20 and 5x−y=225x - y = 22. Multiplying the second equation by 5 results in 25x−5y=11025x - 5y = 110. Adding this to the first equation eliminates yy, leaving 26x=13026x = 130. Dividing both sides by 26 gives x=5x = 5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Expand the algebraic expressions in both equations to rewrite the system in standard form.
x+5y=20x + 5y = 20 and 5x−y=225x - y = 22
Expanding the first equation gives 3x+3y−2x+2y=203x + 3y - 2x + 2y = 20, which simplifies to x+5y=20x + 5y = 20. Expanding the second equation gives 2x+2y+3x−3y=222x + 2y + 3x - 3y = 22, which simplifies to 5x−y=225x - y = 22.
2
Multiply the second equation by 5 to align the coefficients of the y-terms.
25x−5y=11025x - 5y = 110
Multiplying 5x−y=225x - y = 22 by 5 allows the subtraction of yy to cancel with the addition of 5y5y in the first equation.
3
Add the first equation to the modified second equation to eliminate the y-variable and solve for x.
26x=13026x = 130, which simplifies to x=5x = 5.
Adding (x+5y)+(25x−5y)=20+110(x + 5y) + (25x - 5y) = 20 + 110 yields 26x=13026x = 130. Dividing by 26 gives the final value of xx.

Key Concept

Solving systems of linear equations using expansion and elimination.

Alternative Method

Define substitution variables u=x+yu = x + y and v=x−yv = x - y. The system simplifies to 3u−2v=203u - 2v = 20 and 2u+3v=222u + 3v = 22. Multiplying the first equation by 3 and the second by 2 gives 9u−6v=609u - 6v = 60 and 4u+6v=444u + 6v = 44. Adding these equations yields 13u=104  ⟹  u=813u = 104 \implies u = 8. Substituting u=8u = 8 back in gives 16+3v=22  ⟹  3v=6  ⟹  v=216 + 3v = 22 \implies 3v = 6 \implies v = 2. Now, solve the system x+y=8x + y = 8 and x−y=2x - y = 2. Adding these two equations gives 2x=10  ⟹  x=52x = 10 \implies x = 5.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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