Question

Difficulty: MediumEquivalent Algebraic Expressions

For all positive values of xx, which of the following is equivalent to the expression 3x12(2x32−x−12)3x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x^{-\frac{1}{2}})?

  1. A
    6x34−36x^{\frac{3}{4}} - 3
  2. B
    6x2−3x6x^2 - 3x
  3. 6x2−36x^2 - 3Answer
  4. D
    5x2−35x^2 - 3

Answer

6x2−36x^2 - 3
Distributing the term 3x123x^{\frac{1}{2}} to both terms inside the parentheses yields 3x12(2x32)−3x12(x−12)3x^{\frac{1}{2}}(2x^{\frac{3}{2}}) - 3x^{\frac{1}{2}}(x^{-\frac{1}{2}}). Multiplying the coefficients and adding the exponents according to the rule xa⋅xb=xa+bx^a \cdot x^b = x^{a+b} gives 6x12+32−3x12−12=6x2−3x06x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2}} - 3x^{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} = 6x^2 - 3x^0. Since x0=1x^0 = 1 for any positive xx, the simplified equivalent expression is 6x2−36x^2 - 3.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Distribute the term 3x123x^{\frac{1}{2}} to both terms inside the parentheses.
3x12⋅2x32−3x12⋅x−123x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 3x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{-\frac{1}{2}}
Apply the distributive property a(b−c)=ab−aca(b - c) = ab - ac to expand the expression.
2
Multiply the coefficients and apply the product rule for exponents, xa⋅xb=xa+bx^a \cdot x^b = x^{a+b}, to each product.
(3⋅2)x12+32−3x12+(−12)(3 \cdot 2)x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2}} - 3x^{\frac{1}{2} + (-\frac{1}{2})}
When multiplying terms with the same base, keep the base and add the exponents.
3
Simplify the arithmetic in the exponents and evaluate the resulting terms.
6x2−36x^2 - 3
Since 12+32=2\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2} = 2 and 12−12=0\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} = 0, the expression simplifies to 6x2−3x06x^2 - 3x^0. Because x>0x > 0, x0=1x^0 = 1, making the final expression 6x2−36x^2 - 3.

Key Concept

Equivalent Algebraic Expressions

Alternative Method

Substitute a simple value for xx, such as x=4x = 4. The original expression evaluates to 3(4)1/2(2(4)3/2−4−12)=3(2)(2(8)−12)=6(16−0.5)=6(15.5)=933(4)^{1/2}(2(4)^{3/2} - 4^{-\frac{1}{2}}) = 3(2)(2(8) - \frac{1}{2}) = 6(16 - 0.5) = 6(15.5) = 93. Evaluating the correct expression 6x2−36x^2 - 3 at x=4x = 4 yields 6(16)−3=96−3=936(16) - 3 = 96 - 3 = 93. Evaluating the other options at x=4x = 4 yields different values.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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