Question

Difficulty: HardEquivalent Algebraic Expressions

For x>1x > 1, which of the following expressions is equivalent to x−x−1x1/2−x−1/2\frac{x - x^{-1}}{x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2}}?

  1. A
    x1/2−x−1/2x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2}
  2. B
    x+1x + 1
  3. x1/2+x−1/2x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}Answer
  4. D
    x3/2+x1/2x^{3/2} + x^{1/2}

Answer

x1/2+x−1/2x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}
The expression x1/2+x−1/2x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2} is correct because the numerator x−x−1x - x^{-1} can be factored using the difference of squares identity, a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b), where a=x1/2a = x^{1/2} and b=x−1/2b = x^{-1/2}. This yields x−x−1=(x1/2−x−1/2)(x1/2+x−1/2)x - x^{-1} = (x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2})(x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}). Substituting this back into the original fraction and canceling the common factor of x1/2−x−1/2x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2} in both the numerator and denominator simplifies the expression directly to x1/2+x−1/2x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Recognize the numerator x−x−1x - x^{-1} as a difference of squares in terms of the base variables x1/2x^{1/2} and x−1/2x^{-1/2}.
Write x−x−1x - x^{-1} as (x1/2)2−(x−1/2)2=(x1/2−x−1/2)(x1/2+x−1/2)(x^{1/2})^2 - (x^{-1/2})^2 = (x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2})(x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}).
Since the denominator is x1/2−x−1/2x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2}, factoring the numerator as a difference of squares allows us to identify a common factor that can be canceled.
2
Substitute the factored numerator back into the original expression and cancel the common factor of x1/2−x−1/2x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2} from the numerator and the denominator.
(x1/2−x−1/2)(x1/2+x−1/2)x1/2−x−1/2=x1/2+x−1/2\frac{(x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2})(x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2})}{x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2}} = x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}
For all x>1x > 1, the term x1/2−x−1/2x^{1/2} - x^{-1/2} is non-zero, so we can divide both the numerator and the denominator by this common term to simplify the expression.

Key Concept

Factoring algebraic expressions using the difference of squares identity with fractional exponents.

Alternative Method

Convert the fractional and negative exponents into standard algebraic fractions: x−1xx−1x\frac{x - \frac{1}{x}}{\sqrt{x} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}. Find common denominators for both the numerator and denominator to write the expression as x2−1xx−1x\frac{\frac{x^2 - 1}{x}}{\frac{x - 1}{\sqrt{x}}}. Next, multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator: (x−1)(x+1)x⋅xx−1\frac{(x - 1)(x + 1)}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{x}}{x - 1}. Cancel the common factor of x−1x - 1 to get (x+1)xx\frac{(x + 1)\sqrt{x}}{x}. Distributing x\sqrt{x} and dividing each term by xx gives xxx+xx=x+1x\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x} + \frac{\sqrt{x}}{x} = \sqrt{x} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}, which is equivalent to x1/2+x−1/2x^{1/2} + x^{-1/2}.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Rate this question