Question

Difficulty: Very hardPlural and Possessive Nouns and Pronouns

Based on the context of the passage, what is the correct plural or possessive form of the noun in parentheses to fill in the blank?

Answer:In marine ecosystems, the early developmental stages of barnacles are critical for their long-term survival. During these initial weeks, free-swimming barnacle larvae undergo rapid morphological transformations in the water column. The 【larvae's】 (larva) protective shells form from calcium carbonate absorbed directly from the surrounding seawater, shielding the vulnerable organisms from both turbulent currents and benthic predators before they anchor to a permanent substrate.

Answer

larvae's
The correct answer is 'larvae's'. The surrounding sentence context utilizes the plural noun 'shells', the plural verb 'form', and the plural pronoun 'they', establishing that multiple organisms are being described. Therefore, the plural form of the noun 'larva'—which is 'larvae'—must be used. Because the plural noun 'larvae' does not end in 's', its possessive form is constructed by adding an apostrophe and 's' ('larvae's') to indicate ownership of the protective shells.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage context to determine the grammatical number (singular or plural) of the target noun.
The plural clues 'shells', the plural verb 'form', and the plural pronoun 'they' indicate that the passage refers to multiple organisms, requiring a plural noun.
The noun must agree in number with the other plural references in the sentence.
2
Identify the correct plural form of the irregular noun 'larva'.
The plural of 'larva' is 'larvae'.
Using standard Latinate plural spelling is a prerequisite for applying possessive rules.
3
Determine the case (possessive or non-possessive) required by the syntax.
Since the shells belong to the larvae, the possessive case is required.
The noun modifies 'protective shells' and shows ownership, requiring possessive marking.
4
Apply the possessive spelling rules for a plural noun that does not end in 's'.
Add an apostrophe followed by 's' to the plural form: 'larvae's'.
Plural nouns that do not end in 's' form the possessive by adding an apostrophe and 's'.

Key Concept

Plural and Possessive Nouns
Rate this question