Question

Difficulty: MediumEquivalent Algebraic Expressions

For all x≠2x \neq 2, the expression 3x2+kx−8x−2\frac{3x^2 + kx - 8}{x - 2} is equivalent to 3x+10+12x−23x + 10 + \frac{12}{x - 2}, where kk is a constant. What is the value of kk?

Answer: 4

Answer

The value of the constant kk is 44.
The correct answer is 44. By rewriting the right-hand side of the equation with a common denominator of x−2x - 2, the expression becomes (3x+10)(x−2)+12x−2\frac{(3x + 10)(x - 2) + 12}{x - 2}. Expanding and simplifying the numerator yields 3x2+4x−83x^2 + 4x - 8. Comparing this to the numerator of the left-hand side, 3x2+kx−83x^2 + kx - 8, shows that the coefficient of the xx term, kk, must equal 44.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Set up the equation representing the equivalence of the two expressions.
3x2+kx−8x−2=3x+10+12x−2\frac{3x^2 + kx - 8}{x - 2} = 3x + 10 + \frac{12}{x - 2}
This establishes the relationship that must hold for all x≠2x \neq 2.
2
Find a common denominator for the terms on the right-hand side.
3x+10+12x−2=(3x+10)(x−2)x−2+12x−23x + 10 + \frac{12}{x - 2} = \frac{(3x + 10)(x - 2)}{x - 2} + \frac{12}{x - 2}
To combine the terms into a single rational expression, they must have the same denominator.
3
Expand and simplify the numerator on the right-hand side.
(3x+10)(x−2)+12=3x2+4x−8(3x + 10)(x - 2) + 12 = 3x^2 + 4x - 8
Expanding the product of binomials and combining like terms yields the simplified numerator.
4
Equate the numerators of the simplified expressions to solve for kk.
3x2+kx−8=3x2+4x−83x^2 + kx - 8 = 3x^2 + 4x - 8, which means k=4k = 4.
Since the denominators are equal, the numerators must be identical for all values of x≠2x \neq 2, meaning their corresponding coefficients must match.

Key Concept

Equivalent Algebraic Expressions

Alternative Method

An alternative method is to substitute a convenient value for xx that is not equal to 22. Substituting x=1x = 1 into both sides of the equivalence gives: 3(1)2+k(1)−81−2=3(1)+10+121−2\frac{3(1)^2 + k(1) - 8}{1 - 2} = 3(1) + 10 + \frac{12}{1 - 2}. Simplifying this yields k−5−1=13−12\frac{k - 5}{-1} = 13 - 12, which simplifies to −k+5=1-k + 5 = 1. Solving for kk results in k=4k = 4.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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