Question

Difficulty: MediumPolynomial Factors and Graphs

A polynomial function pp is defined by p(x)=ax(x−3)2p(x) = ax(x-3)^2, where aa is a constant. In the xyxy-plane, the graph of y=p(x)y = p(x) passes through the point (1,−8)(1, -8). What is the value of p(2)p(2)?

  1. A
    -25
  2. B
    -8
  3. -4Answer
  4. D
    4

Answer

-4
The correct answer is -4. By substituting the point (1,−8)(1, -8) into the given function p(x)=ax(x−3)2p(x) = ax(x-3)^2, we obtain −8=a(1)(1−3)2-8 = a(1)(1-3)^2, which simplifies to −8=4a-8 = 4a. Dividing both sides by 44 gives a=−2a = -2. Substituting a=−2a = -2 back into the function yields p(x)=−2x(x−3)2p(x) = -2x(x-3)^2. Evaluating this function at x=2x = 2 gives p(2)=−2(2)(2−3)2=−4(1)=−4p(2) = -2(2)(2-3)^2 = -4(1) = -4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Substitute the coordinates of the given point (1,−8)(1, -8) into the polynomial equation to set up an equation for the constant aa.
p(1)=a(1)(1−3)2=−8p(1) = a(1)(1 - 3)^2 = -8
Since the graph passes through (1,−8)(1, -8), substituting x=1x = 1 must yield y=−8y = -8.
2
Simplify the expression and solve for the constant aa.
a(−2)2=−8⇒4a=−8⇒a=−2a(-2)^2 = -8 \Rightarrow 4a = -8 \Rightarrow a = -2
Evaluating (1−3)2(1-3)^2 gives 44, leading to a simple linear equation in terms of aa.
3
Substitute a=−2a = -2 back into the original polynomial definition to obtain the complete function formula.
p(x)=−2x(x−3)2p(x) = -2x(x - 3)^2
Knowing the value of the leading constant allows us to write the explicit formula for p(x)p(x).
4
Evaluate p(2)p(2) by substituting x=2x = 2 into the completed function formula.
p(2)=−2(2)(2−3)2=−4(−1)2=−4p(2) = -2(2)(2 - 3)^2 = -4(-1)^2 = -4
This calculation yields the value of the polynomial at x=2x = 2 as requested.

Key Concept

Polynomial Factors and Graphs
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