Question

Difficulty: MediumColons, Semicolons, and Dashes

The following passage is adapted from a cognitive neuroscience article. What punctuation mark should be written in the blank to grammatically connect the preceding independent clause to the explanatory list that follows?

Answer:When human brains process language, two distinct regions in the left hemisphere are activated【:】 Broca's area, which is responsible for speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is associated with speech comprehension.

Answer

A colon (:) or an em dash (—) is the correct punctuation mark to connect the independent clause to the list.
The clause before the blank is grammatically independent, whereas the phrase after the blank is a list of noun phrases identifying the specific brain regions. A colon or a single em dash is the standard convention to link an independent clause to an explanatory list or definition that follows it. In this context, it properly introduces the 'two distinct regions' without creating grammatical fragmentation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the clause preceding the blank.
The clause 'When human brains process language, two distinct regions in the left hemisphere are activated' is grammatically independent because it contains a subject and a verb and forms a complete thought.
Determining whether the first clause is independent is necessary to apply the rules of colons, semicolons, and dashes.
2
Evaluate the structure of the phrase following the blank.
The phrase 'Broca's area... and Wernicke's area...' is a list of noun phrases containing internal commas, not an independent clause.
Since the second part cannot stand alone as a sentence, a semicolon cannot be used.
3
Select the correct punctuation mark that links an independent clause to a list.
A colon or a single em dash is correct because both can join an independent clause to an explanatory list or appositive.
A colon or an em dash serves to signal that details explaining the 'two distinct regions' are immediately following.

Key Concept

Using colons or dashes to introduce lists and explanatory details following independent clauses
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