Question

Difficulty: MediumLinear Functions and Graphs

A linear function ff is defined such that its graph passes through the points (2,5)(2, 5) and (4,11)(4, 11). The graph of another linear function, gg, is perpendicular to the graph of ff. If the graph of gg passes through the point (3,10)(3, 10), what is the xx-coordinate of the xx-intercept of the graph of gg?

Answer: 33

Answer

The correct answer is 3333.
The slope of the linear function ff is found using the two given points: 11542=3\frac{11 - 5}{4 - 2} = 3. Because the graph of the linear function gg is perpendicular to the graph of ff, its slope is the negative reciprocal of 33, which is 13-\frac{1}{3}. Using the point-slope form with the point (3,10)(3, 10), the equation of gg is y10=13(x3)y - 10 = -\frac{1}{3}(x - 3), which simplifies to y=13x+11y = -\frac{1}{3}x + 11. The xx-intercept is the value of xx when y=0y = 0. Setting yy to 00 gives 0=13x+110 = -\frac{1}{3}x + 11, which yields x=33x = 33.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the slope of the linear function ff
The slope of ff is 33.
The slope of a line passing through (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2) is given by y2y1x2x1\frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}. Substituting (2,5)(2, 5) and (4,11)(4, 11) yields 11542=62=3\frac{11 - 5}{4 - 2} = \frac{6}{2} = 3.
2
Determine the slope of the perpendicular linear function gg
The slope of gg is 13-\frac{1}{3}.
Perpendicular lines in the coordinate plane have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other. The negative reciprocal of 33 is 13-\frac{1}{3}.
3
Write the equation representing function gg
y=13x+11y = -\frac{1}{3}x + 11
Using the point-slope equation yy1=m(xx1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1) with the slope m=13m = -\frac{1}{3} and the point (3,10)(3, 10), we get y10=13(x3)y - 10 = -\frac{1}{3}(x - 3). Distributing and simplifying yields y10=13x+1    y=13x+11y - 10 = -\frac{1}{3}x + 1 \implies y = -\frac{1}{3}x + 11.
4
Find the xx-intercept of the graph of gg
3333
The xx-intercept is the point on the graph where y=0y = 0. Substituting 00 for yy in the equation of gg gives 0=13x+11    13x=11    x=330 = -\frac{1}{3}x + 11 \implies \frac{1}{3}x = 11 \implies x = 33.

Key Concept

The relationship between the slopes of perpendicular lines and finding intercepts of linear functions.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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