Question

Difficulty: MediumPunctuation of Nonessential Elements

The passage below contains a blank. Fill in the blank with the punctuation mark that correctly sets off the nonessential element, ensuring the sentence conforms to the conventions of Standard English.

Answer:In 1915, German mathematician Emmy Noether proved a landmark mathematical theorem linking differentiable symmetries and physical conservation laws. The theorem—which quickly became a cornerstone of modern theoretical physics【—】established that every continuous symmetry of a physical system corresponds to a specific conserved quantity, such as energy, momentum, or electric charge.

Answer

The blank must be filled with an em dash (—) to match the em dash that introduces the nonessential clause.
The correct punctuation is an em dash (—). Nonessential elements, such as the relative clause 'which quickly became a cornerstone of modern theoretical physics,' must be set off from the main sentence with a matching pair of punctuation marks. Since the clause is introduced with an em dash, it must also be closed with an em dash to maintain grammatical symmetry.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The clause 'which quickly became a cornerstone of modern theoretical physics' is a nonessential relative clause modifying 'The theorem'.
This clause adds descriptive detail but is not grammatically necessary to define the subject 'theorem'.
2
Identify the punctuation mark used to open the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) is used immediately after 'The theorem'.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching pairs of punctuation (commas, em dashes, or parentheses).
3
Determine the correct punctuation mark to close the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) must be placed at the end of the clause to match the opening em dash.
Mixing punctuation marks (such as opening with an em dash and closing with a comma or parenthesis) violates the rule of punctuation symmetry.

Key Concept

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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