Question

Difficulty: MediumNonlinear Systems of Equations

In the xyxy-plane, the system of equations below has exactly one real solution.

y=x2+6x+2y = -x^2 + 6x + 2
y+2x=ky + 2x = k

If kk is a constant, what is the value of kk?

Answer: 18

Answer

18
To find the value of the constant kk for which the system of equations has exactly one real solution, we can solve the system by substitution. Substituting y=k2xy = k - 2x from the second equation into the first equation gives k2x=x2+6x+2k - 2x = -x^2 + 6x + 2. Rearranging the terms to write this quadratic equation in standard form, ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0, yields x28x+(k2)=0x^2 - 8x + (k - 2) = 0. A quadratic equation has exactly one real solution when its discriminant, b24acb^2 - 4ac, is equal to zero. Substituting a=1a = 1, b=8b = -8, and c=k2c = k - 2 into the discriminant formula gives (8)24(1)(k2)=0(-8)^2 - 4(1)(k - 2) = 0. Simplifying this expression results in 644k+8=064 - 4k + 8 = 0, which simplifies further to 724k=072 - 4k = 0. Solving for kk yields k=18k = 18.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Rewrite the linear equation to express yy in terms of xx and kk.
y=k2xy = k - 2x
This allows substituting the expression for yy into the quadratic equation to eliminate yy.
2
Substitute the expression for yy into the quadratic equation.
k2x=x2+6x+2k - 2x = -x^2 + 6x + 2
To construct a single quadratic equation in terms of xx whose solutions correspond to the system's intersection points.
3
Rearrange the equation into standard quadratic form ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0.
x28x+(k2)=0x^2 - 8x + (k - 2) = 0
To identify the coefficients a=1a = 1, b=8b = -8, and c=k2c = k - 2.
4
Set the discriminant of the quadratic equation to zero.
(8)24(1)(k2)=0(-8)^2 - 4(1)(k - 2) = 0
A quadratic equation has exactly one real solution if and only if its discriminant is zero.
5
Solve the linear equation for kk.
k=18k = 18
Simplify the equation: 644k+8=0    724k=0    4k=72    k=1864 - 4k + 8 = 0 \implies 72 - 4k = 0 \implies 4k = 72 \implies k = 18.

Key Concept

Nonlinear Systems of Equations
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