Question

Difficulty: HardExponential Functions and Equations

If (14)2x−583−x=(23)x−5\frac{\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{2x-5}}{8^{3-x}} = \left(\sqrt[3]{2}\right)^{x-5}, what is the value of xx?

Answer: 2

Answer

2
By writing all terms with a common base of 2, the equation simplifies to 2−x+1=2x−532^{-x+1} = 2^{\frac{x-5}{3}}. Equating the exponents yields −x+1=x−53-x + 1 = \frac{x-5}{3}. Solving this linear equation gives x=2x = 2.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Rewrite each base in terms of base 2.
14=2−2\frac{1}{4} = 2^{-2}, 8=238 = 2^3, and 23=213\sqrt[3]{2} = 2^{\frac{1}{3}}
Expressing all terms with a common base allows the exponents to be directly compared.
2
Substitute the bases back into the left side of the equation and simplify using exponent rules.
(2−2)2x−5(23)3−x=2−4x+1029−3x=2−x+1\frac{(2^{-2})^{2x-5}}{(2^3)^{3-x}} = \frac{2^{-4x+10}}{2^{9-3x}} = 2^{-x+1}
Applying the power rule (am)n=amn(a^m)^n = a^{mn} and quotient rule aman=am−n\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n} simplifies the fraction.
3
Rewrite the right side of the equation using base 2.
(23)x−5=(213)x−5=2x−53(\sqrt[3]{2})^{x-5} = (2^{\frac{1}{3}})^{x-5} = 2^{\frac{x-5}{3}}
Applying the power rule to the fractional exponent converts the radical expression.
4
Equate the simplified left and right sides, then set the exponents equal to each other.
−x+1=x−53-x + 1 = \frac{x-5}{3}
If two exponential expressions with the same base are equal, their exponents must be equal.
5
Solve the linear equation for xx.
−3x+3=x−5  ⟹  8=4x  ⟹  x=2-3x + 3 = x - 5 \implies 8 = 4x \implies x = 2
Isolating the variable xx yields the final solution.

Key Concept

Solving exponential equations by expressing all terms with a common base and applying exponent laws.
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