Question

Difficulty: EasyClause Boundaries and Linking

Ancient Roman architects created an exceptionally durable form of concrete by mixing volcanic ash with slaked lime, enabling their harbors and piers to withstand centuries of wave action. When exposed to seawater, this unique mixture undergoes a chemical reaction that continually strengthens the material ______ modern concrete lacks this self-healing property and deteriorates rapidly in marine environments.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. A
    material
  2. B
    material, so
  3. material;Answer
  4. D
    material,

Answer

material;
The option containing the semicolon correctly links two independent clauses. The first clause ('When exposed to seawater, this unique mixture undergoes a chemical reaction that continually strengthens the material') and the second clause ('modern concrete lacks this self-healing property and deteriorates rapidly in marine environments') are both independent, meaning they can stand alone as complete sentences. A semicolon is a grammatically correct way to join these two clauses.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the clause boundaries in the sentence.
The text contains two independent clauses: the first ends with 'material' and the second begins with 'modern concrete'.
Understanding where one independent clause ends and the next begins is necessary to determine the correct punctuation.
2
Evaluate the grammatical relationship between the two independent clauses.
The two clauses express closely related, contrasting ideas that can be joined without a coordinating conjunction.
Determining how the clauses relate helps select the appropriate punctuation or conjunction.
3
Choose the punctuation mark that correctly links the two independent clauses.
A semicolon is a standard way to link two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction.
Using a semicolon avoids run-on sentences and comma splices.

Key Concept

Semicolons to link independent clauses
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