Question

Difficulty: HardEquity Securities and Characteristics

A U.S. retail investor purchases sponsored American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) of a foreign telecommunications company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. When evaluating the rights, mechanics, and risk profile associated with owning these securities compared to domestic common stock, which of the following statements accurately describes a key characteristic of ADR ownership?

  1. Dividends are declared by the foreign issuer in foreign currency but paid to the ADR holder in U.S. dollars, exposing the investor to exchange rate risk.Answer
  2. B
    ADR holders maintain direct voting rights and receive preferred liquidation priority over foreign common shareholders in the event of corporate dissolution.
  3. C
    Because ADRs are denominated and traded in U.S. dollars on U.S. exchanges, holders are completely insulated from foreign currency risk.
  4. D
    The depositary bank automatically passes through all foreign preemptive rights offerings directly to U.S. investors without pre-conversion.

Answer

Dividends are declared by the foreign issuer in foreign currency but paid to the ADR holder in U.S. dollars, exposing the investor to exchange rate risk.
The option stating that dividends are declared in foreign currency but paid in U.S. dollars is correct. Sponsored ADRs allow U.S. investors to trade foreign equities domestically, but because the underlying foreign issuer generates revenue and declares distributions in its home currency, the depositary bank must convert payments to U.S. dollars. This subjects the U.S. investor to currency exchange rate risk.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the structural arrangement of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
ADRs are negotiable certificates issued by a U.S. depositary bank representing a specified number of shares in a foreign corporation held in custody abroad.
Understanding the custody mechanism clarifies how dividends and rights flow from foreign issuers to U.S. investors.
2
Evaluate currency risk dynamics
The issuing foreign corporation declares dividends in its local currency. The U.S. depositary bank converts the payment to U.S. dollars prior to distribution.
Currency conversion introduces currency (exchange rate) risk, as a weakening foreign currency reduces the U.S. dollar dividend value.
3
Distinguish equity rights of ADR holders vs. preferred shareholders
ADRs represent common stock equivalents, placing holders at the bottom of the liquidation preference hierarchy alongside common shareholders.
ADR holders do not possess preferred equity seniority or direct corporate voting privileges.

Key Concept

American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) Equity Characteristics and Currency Risk
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