Question

Difficulty: HardTypes of Markets and Trading Venues

A financial firm analyzes two distinct trading executions:
I. An over-the-counter (OTC) trade of a National Exchange-listed equity security between market makers.
II. A direct institutional trade of listed equity securities conducted proprietary-to-proprietary through an automated electronic system without market-maker intermediation.

Which of the following statements regarding these venue classifications are correct?

  1. Execution I is classified as a Third Market transaction.Answer
  2. Execution II takes place in the Fourth Market via an Electronic Communications Network (ECN).Answer
  3. C
    Execution I is considered a primary market transaction because it occurs off the physical exchange floor.
  4. D
    Execution II converts the executing venue into a depository entity performing DTC safekeeping functions.

Answer

Execution I is classified as a Third Market transaction, and Execution II takes place in the Fourth Market via an Electronic Communications Network (ECN).
The Third Market refers specifically to over-the-counter (OTC) trading of securities that are listed on a primary exchange. The Fourth Market consists of direct trading between institutions without broker-dealers as intermediaries, usually conducted through Electronic Communications Networks (ECNs). Both statements correctly describe these venue structures.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Execution I: OTC trading of listed equity securities.
Identify venue as the Third Market.
By definition, the Third Market refers to trading exchange-listed securities in the over-the-counter (OTC) market.
2
Analyze Execution II: Direct institutional trading without market maker intermediation.
Identify venue as the Fourth Market using ECNs.
Direct institution-to-institution trading of listed securities bypasses traditional dealers and operates on ECNs in the Fourth Market.
3
Evaluate distractor concepts regarding primary markets and custody entities.
Reject claims of primary market issuance and DTC custody equivalence.
Secondary trading involves existing shares between investors regardless of trading venue, and clearing/safekeeping roles belong to DTC/NSCC rather than execution networks.

Key Concept

Classification of Third and Fourth Markets and Trading Venues
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