Question

Difficulty: HardAnnuities and Insurance-Based Products

An investor who has held a fixed annuity for several years is concerned that fixed monthly payouts during retirement will not keep pace with rising living costs. The investor considers reallocating the funds into a variable annuity with equity subaccounts. Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary risk trade-off and contractual shift resulting from this decision?

  1. The investor trades purchasing power (inflation) risk for market risk, shifting the investment risk from the insurance company to the contract owner.Answer
  2. B
    The investor eliminates market risk while retaining the insurance company's guaranteed minimum rate of return on the separate account subaccounts.
  3. C
    The investment risk remains with the insurance company because separate account subaccount assets are held within the insurer's general account portfolio.
  4. D
    The investor avoids tax penalties on future withdrawals because variable annuity separate account growth is fully exempt from federal income tax.

Answer

The investor trades purchasing power (inflation) risk for market risk, shifting the investment risk from the insurance company to the contract owner.
Fixed annuities expose contract owners to purchasing power (inflation) risk because payouts are fixed while living costs rise over time. In a fixed annuity, the insurer guarantees the payout and holds the investment risk in its general account. When reallocating to a variable annuity, the investor directs funds into a separate account holding equity subaccounts. This shift provides growth potential to combat inflation, but transfers market performance risk entirely from the insurer to the contract owner.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the features and risks of a fixed annuity contract.
Fixed annuities are funded through the insurance company's general account. The insurer bears the investment risk by offering a guaranteed fixed payout, but the contract owner faces purchasing power (inflation) risk over long time horizons.
Understanding the baseline product risk clarifies why an investor concerned about inflation would seek an alternative allocation.
2
Analyze the features and risks of a variable annuity contract.
Variable annuity premiums are directed into a separate account with equity/bond subaccounts. The investor assumes market risk because payouts depend on subaccount investment returns, providing growth potential to hedge inflation.
Reallocating to a separate account transfers investment risk from the issuing insurance company to the individual investor.
3
Evaluate the risk trade-off associated with exchanging fixed for variable annuities.
The investor exchanges the fixed rate guarantee (and its associated inflation risk) for separate account market exposure (and its associated market risk).
This directly matches the core SIE concept regarding product characteristics, general vs. separate account mechanics, and risk allocation.

Key Concept

Fixed vs. Variable Annuity Risk Profiles and Separate Account Mechanics
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Rate this question