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Difficulty: MediumPoverty Estimation, Inequality Metrics, and Inclusive Growth Strategies

Match the poverty estimation committees and inequality metrics in List-I with their corresponding methodology or definition in List-II:

  • Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009)Moved away from explicit calorie anchor to uniform basket using Mixed Reference Period (MRP) incorporating health and education.
  • C. Rangarajan Committee (2014)Re-anchored poverty lines to nutritional norms (calorie, protein, fat) combined with non-food requirements using Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP).
  • Palma RatioRatio of the gross national income share held by the richest 10% of the population to that held by the poorest 40%.
  • Gini CoefficientRatio of the area between the line of perfect equality and the Lorenz curve to the total area under the line of perfect equality.

Answer

The correct matching aligns Suresh Tendulkar Committee with MRP expenditure methodology, C. Rangarajan Committee with MMRP and reinstated nutritional norms, Palma Ratio with the income share ratio of the top 10% to the bottom 40%, and Gini Coefficient with the geometric ratio derived from the Lorenz Curve.
Each item in List-I maps uniquely to its corresponding definition in List-II: Suresh Tendulkar Committee established MRP-based estimates including health and education; C. Rangarajan Committee established MMRP-based estimates incorporating calorie, protein, and fat requirements; Palma Ratio computes the top 10% to bottom 40% income share; and Gini Coefficient evaluates the area between the line of equality and the Lorenz curve.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the poverty estimation committees in List-I
The Tendulkar Committee (2009) introduced MRP and included expenditure on education and health, discarding direct calorie anchors. The Rangarajan Committee (2014) reintroduced calorie-protein-fat nutritional standards and adopted MMRP.
Differentiating reference periods (MRP vs MMRP) and calorie norm reliance is essential to distinguish between official poverty estimation frameworks in India.
2
Analyze the inequality metrics in List-I
The Palma Ratio isolates the upper tail (top 10%) relative to the lower tail (bottom 40%). The Gini Coefficient summarizes overall distribution by calculating the relative area between the Lorenz curve and the 45-degree line of perfect equality.
Palma ratio measures structural concentration at the distribution extremes, whereas Gini coefficient summarizes aggregate inequality.
3
Construct the correct pair mappings
Suresh Tendulkar Committee maps to MRP health/education focus; C. Rangarajan Committee maps to MMRP with nutritional norms; Palma Ratio maps to top 10% over bottom 40% share; Gini Coefficient maps to Lorenz curve area calculation.
Ensures every expert panel and statistical metric is accurately paired with its specific technical feature.

Key Concept

Poverty Estimation Methodologies and Inequality Indicators
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Topics

Poverty Estimation, Inequality Metrics, and Inclusive Growth Strategies