Question

Difficulty: HardPassage Assumptions and Underlying Premises

Read the following passage carefully:

To accelerate the decarbonization of urban transport in secondary cities, municipal transit authorities have introduced capital subsidies covering up to 40% of the purchase price for private operators transitioning to electric buses. Officials contend that subsidizing fleet acquisition costs will rapidly eliminate reliance on diesel vehicles and improve local air quality without requiring direct municipal fleet management. However, electric bus operations in these urban centers face severe financial stress due to high battery replacement costs required every five years, coupled with strict municipal fare caps that constrain operator revenues. Furthermore, local electrical grid infrastructure in several secondary cities experiences frequent voltage fluctuations, leading to extended vehicle downtime during peak operating hours. Without addressing grid stability and operational cost-sharing mechanisms, capital acquisition subsidies alone will fail to establish a financially viable zero-emission transit network.

Statement: The author assumes that high battery replacement expenses and uncompensated operational costs are substantial enough to prevent private bus operators from sustaining electric bus fleets independently under fixed fare revenues.

Based on the passage, is this statement True or False?

Answer: Answer

Answer

True. The statement represents a necessary underlying premise upon which the author's argument depends.
The statement represents a necessary assumption because the author's warning regarding the inadequacy of capital subsidies relies directly on the unstated premise that battery replacement expenses and revenue caps create an insurmountable financial burden for private operators. Negating this statement invalidates the author's primary thesis.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the author's primary argument and conclusion in the passage.
The main conclusion is that providing capital acquisition subsidies alone will not create a viable long-term electric transit system because operational challenges and costs remain unaddressed.
Determining the author's conclusion establishes the claim that must be supported by implicit assumptions.
2
Analyze the implicit link between the stated evidence (battery replacement costs and fare caps) and the conclusion.
The author links five-year battery replacement costs and revenue caps to the failure of capital subsidies to create a sustainable transit network.
Assumptions serve as unstated bridges connecting explicit evidence to the final conclusion.
3
Apply the Negation Test to the statement.
Negating the statement ('Battery replacement and operational costs are NOT significant enough to hinder independent operation') destroys the author's argument that capital subsidies alone are insufficient due to operational financial stress.
A valid assumption must be logically necessary; if its negation invalidates the main argument, the statement is a true assumption.

Key Concept

Identifying implicit premises using the Negation Test in Critical Reading Comprehension.
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