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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Match the human endocrine hormones in List-I with their primary physiological functions in List-II.

  • CalcitoninLowers blood calcium plasma levels by inhibiting bone resorption
  • Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone)Increases water reabsorption in the renal distal tubules and collecting ducts
  • OxytocinStimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during lactation
  • MelatoninRegulates circadian rhythms and diurnal sleep-wake cycles

Answer

Calcitonin pairs with lowering blood calcium levels; Vasopressin pairs with increasing water reabsorption in renal tubules; Oxytocin pairs with stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection; Melatonin pairs with regulating circadian rhythms.
Each hormone is correctly matched to its specific physiological role: Calcitonin reduces blood calcium concentrations, Vasopressin promotes renal water reabsorption, Oxytocin induces uterine contraction and lactation ejection, and Melatonin regulates circadian sleep cycles.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary role of Calcitonin
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland to lower elevated blood calcium levels.
It acts antagonistically to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) to regulate plasma calcium homeostasis.
2
Determine the function of Vasopressin (ADH)
Vasopressin increases water permeability in the collecting ducts of the nephron.
This reduces urinary water loss and increases blood volume.
3
Analyze the action of Oxytocin
Oxytocin triggers uterine smooth muscle contractions and myoepithelial cell contraction in lactating glands.
It facilitates parturition and the milk let-down reflex.
4
Recall the secretion source and action of Melatonin
Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland to control diurnal rhythms.
Synthesis increases in darkness to signal sleep readiness.

Key Concept

Endocrine Hormones and Physiological Regulation
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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