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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Consider the following statements regarding certain communicable human diseases, their causative organisms, and transmission pathways:

1. Scrub typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted to humans through the bites of larval trombiculid mites.
2. Chagas disease is a viral infection transmitted primarily through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.
3. Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, commonly contracted through contact with water or soil contaminated by animal urine.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 onlyAnswer
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 only are correct.
The correct response identifies statements 1 and 3 as scientifically accurate. Scrub typhus is an obligate intracellular bacterial zoonosis transmitted by trombiculid mites, and Leptospirosis is a spirochetal bacterial infection transmitted via water contaminated with urine from host reservoirs.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Scrub typhus.
Scrub typhus is indeed caused by the intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval trombiculid mites (chiggers). Statement 1 is correct.
Accurate biological classification of pathogen and vector for Scrub typhus.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Chagas disease.
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the flagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, not a virus. It is transmitted mainly by triatomine bugs ('kissing bugs'), not Anopheles mosquitoes. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Identification of pathogen and vector misattribution.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Leptospirosis.
Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes (bacteria) belonging to the genus Leptospira, shedding in the urine of infected animal hosts (e.g., rodents) into soil and water bodies. Statement 3 is correct.
Accurate characterization of zoonotic bacterial pathology.

Key Concept

ETIOLOGY AND VECTOR DYNAMICS OF COMMUNICABLE HUMAN DISEASES
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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