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Difficulty: HardFundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

Match the Constitutional Provisions/Articles concerning Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties in List-I with their corresponding Constitutional Amendments/Origins in List-II:

  • Article 31C (Initial insertion giving primacy to Article 39(b) and (c) over Articles 14 and 19)Inserted by the 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971
  • Article 38(2) (State obligation to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities)Inserted by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
  • Article 43B (Promotion of voluntary formation and autonomous functioning of co-operative societies)Inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
  • Article 51A(k) (Duty of a parent or guardian to provide educational opportunities to children aged 6 to 14 years)Inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002

Answer

Article 31C (Initial insertion) matches with the 25th Amendment Act, 1971; Article 38(2) matches with the 44th Amendment Act, 1978; Article 43B matches with the 97th Amendment Act, 2011; and Article 51A(k) matches with the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
The correct matching aligns each constitutional provision with its precise amending act: Article 31C was originally inserted by the 25th Constitutional Amendment Act (1971); Article 38(2) was added by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act (1978); Article 43B was added by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act (2011); and the Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k) was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the origin of Article 31C
Article 31C was introduced by the 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 to shield laws giving effect to Article 39(b) and (c) from judicial review under Fundamental Rights.
This amendment established the precedence of specific Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights under Articles 14 and 19.
2
Identify the amendment that inserted Article 38(2)
Article 38(2) was inserted by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978.
The 44th Amendment added Clause (2) to Article 38 to mandate the reduction of inequalities in income, status, and opportunities.
3
Identify the constitutional background of Article 43B
Article 43B was added by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011.
The 97th Amendment granted constitutional status to co-operative societies by adding Article 43B under Part IV and Part IXB.
4
Identify the origin of the 11th Fundamental Duty (Article 51A(k))
Article 51A(k) was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
The 86th Amendment introduced free and compulsory education by adding Article 21A, substituting Article 45, and introducing Article 51A(k).

Key Concept

Constitutional Amendments modifying Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties
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Topics

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

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