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Difficulty: HardRise of Indian Nationalism and Early Phase of the Indian National Congress

With reference to the early phase of the Indian National Congress (1885–1905) and early constitutional developments, consider the following statements:

1. Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade advocated for state-supported industrialization and modern enterprise as essential to overcoming India's economic backwardness.
2. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 empowered legislative council members to vote on budget demands and introduce financial bills.
3. Romesh Chunder Dutt authored 'The Economic History of India', detailing the impact of land revenue systems and colonial fiscal policy on Indian rural poverty.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2, and 3

Answer

The statements stating that Justice Ranade advocated state-supported industrialization (Statement 1) and Romesh Chunder Dutt authored 'The Economic History of India' (Statement 3) are correct, making '1 and 3 only' the correct response.
The combination '1 and 3 only' is correct because Justice Ranade championed state-backed industrial growth and R.C. Dutt systematically documented British economic exploitation in 'The Economic History of India'. In contrast, the Indian Councils Act of 1892 permitted council members only to discuss the budget and ask questions, explicitly withholding any right to vote on budget demands.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding Justice M.G. Ranade's economic views.
Statement 1 is correct. Justice M.G. Ranade was a pioneer of Indian economic nationalism who argued that India's poverty stemmed from over-dependence on agriculture and urged state support for modern industries.
Early Moderate thinkers evaluated industrial development as vital to economic self-reliance.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the provisions of the Indian Councils Act of 1892.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 allowed council members to discuss the annual financial statement (budget) and ask questions on public interest matters, but explicitly denied them the right to vote on the budget or move amendments.
Voting rights on budget items were granted in later constitutional enactments, not in 1892.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding Romesh Chunder Dutt's literary and economic contribution.
Statement 3 is correct. R.C. Dutt published 'The Economic History of India' at the turn of the 20th century, offering a thorough empirical critique of British land revenue assessments and colonial drain of wealth.
R.C. Dutt's work established a foundational text for the economic critique of British rule.

Key Concept

Economic Nationalism and Early Constitutional Reforms (1885–1905)
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Rise of Indian Nationalism and Early Phase of the Indian National Congress

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