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Difficulty: MediumRise of Indian Nationalism and Early Phase of the Indian National Congress

Consider the following statements regarding early political organizations and colonial administrative reforms during the rise of Indian nationalism:

1. The Madras Mahajana Sabha was established in 1884 by M. Veeraraghavachariar, B. Subramania Aiyer, and P. Ananda Charlu.
2. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 introduced the system of indirect election for non-official members in legislative councils in response to early nationalist demands.
3. The Aitchison Public Service Commission was appointed in 1886 to examine grievances regarding Indian recruitment to civil services.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 onlyAnswer
  4. D
    1, 2, and 3

Answer

1 and 3 only
The option stating '1 and 3 only' is correct because the Madras Mahajana Sabha was indeed founded in May 1884 by M. Veeraraghavachariar, B. Subramania Aiyer, and P. Ananda Charlu, and the Aitchison Commission was instituted in 1886 by Lord Dufferin to recommend changes to Indian Civil Service recruitment. Statement 2 is incorrect because the system of indirect election was introduced by the Indian Councils Act of 1892, not the Act of 1861.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Madras Mahajana Sabha
Statement 1 is correct.
The Madras Mahajana Sabha was established in May 1884 by M. Veeraraghavachariar, B. Subramania Aiyer, and P. Ananda Charlu to clear public opinion and coordinate regional nationalist political demands.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding colonial constitutional reform acts
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 only provided for nomination of non-official members. It was the Indian Councils Act of 1892 that first introduced an element of indirect election for non-official seats in response to INC demands.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding civil service commissions
Statement 3 is correct.
In response to nationalist agitation over the reduction of the age limit for Civil Service examinations, Lord Dufferin appointed the Public Service Commission under Sir Charles Aitchison in 1886.

Key Concept

Pre-INC Associations and Early Constitutional Developments
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Rise of Indian Nationalism and Early Phase of the Indian National Congress

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