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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

In human pathology and vector-borne epidemiology, which of the following pairs correctly matches the disease with its causative pathogen type and primary biological vector?

  1. Kala-azar – Protozoan parasite transmitted by female sandflies (Phlebotomus)Answer
  2. B
    Lyme disease – Viral pathogen transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
  3. C
    Sleeping sickness – Bacterial pathogen transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes
  4. D
    Chagas disease – Fungal pathogen transmitted by blackflies (Simulium)

Answer

Kala-azar – Protozoan parasite transmitted by female sandflies (Phlebotomus)
Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is correctly classified as a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies (Phlebotomus).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the pathogen classification and biological vector for Kala-azar
Kala-azar is caused by Leishmania donovani (a flagellated protozoan) and spread by female sandflies (Phlebotomus species).
This represents a scientifically accurate combination of pathogen type and vector.
2
Evaluate pathogen and vector pairings in the remaining choices
Lyme disease is bacterial (tick-borne), Sleeping sickness is protozoan (tsetse fly-borne), and Chagas disease is protozoan (triatomine bug-borne).
Identifying pathogen-vector mismatches eliminates the incorrect options.

Key Concept

Vector-borne human infectious diseases and pathogen classification
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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