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Difficulty: MediumMedieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

With reference to the central administrative departments of the Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements:

1. The department of agriculture, known as *Diwan-i-Kohi*, was created during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq to expand land under cultivation through state support.
2. The *Diwan-i-Mustakhraj* was established under Alauddin Khalji to inquire into and realize arrears of land revenue from officials.
3. The *Diwan-i-Arz*, dealing with military administration, was first organized as a separate department by Balban.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3Answer

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements correctly match medieval administrative departments with their respective Sultanate rulers and primary functions. Muhammad bin Tughlaq formed the agricultural department *Diwan-i-Kohi*; Alauddin Khalji created *Diwan-i-Mustakhraj* to recover revenue arrears; and Ghiyasuddin Balban organized *Diwan-i-Arz* as an independent military ministry.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding agricultural administration.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq established *Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi* to bring uncultivated land under farming using state funds and crop rotation policies, making Statement 1 correct.
Verifies agricultural department establishment under Tughlaq administrative reforms.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding revenue administration and arrears collection.
Alauddin Khalji instituted *Diwan-i-Mustakhraj* specifically to audit accounts and extract revenue arrears from village headmen (*muqaddams*, *khuts*) and revenue collectors, making Statement 2 correct.
Verifies revenue auditing department under Khalji economic and agrarian reforms.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding military department creation.
Ghiyasuddin Balban separated military affairs from the Finance Department (*Diwan-i-Wazarat*) and established *Diwan-i-Arz* under an *Ariz-i-Mamalik* to maintain a strong standing army, making Statement 3 correct.
Verifies military administration reforms during the Mamluk dynasty.

Key Concept

Central Administrative Departments of the Delhi Sultanate
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Medieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

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