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Difficulty: HardHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Consider the following statements regarding human infectious diseases, their causative pathogens, and biological vectors:

1. Japanese Encephalitis is a viral infection caused by a flavivirus and is primarily transmitted to humans via infected *Culex* mosquitoes.
2. Lyme disease is a protozoan infection caused by *Plasmodium* species and is transmitted through the bite of hard-bodied *Ixodes* ticks.
3. Lymphatic Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by filarial nematodes such as *Wuchereria bancrofti* and is transmitted by mosquito vectors.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2, and 3

Answer

The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
The option stating '1 and 3 only' is correct because Japanese Encephalitis is indeed a flaviviral infection transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, and Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by filarial nematodes (Wuchereria bancrofti) transmitted via mosquitoes. Statement 2 is false because Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, not a protozoan infection caused by Plasmodium.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Japanese Encephalitis etiology and vector
Statement 1 is correct. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (a mosquito-borne flavivirus) and transmitted primarily by Culex mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
JE is an established viral zoonotic encephalitis endemic to parts of Asia.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Lyme disease pathogen classification
Statement 2 is incorrect. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (and related bacterial species), not a protozoan parasite like Plasmodium (which causes malaria).
Confusing bacterial spirochetes with protozoans represents a fundamental pathogen mismatch.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Lymphatic Filariasis causative organism
Statement 3 is correct. Lymphatic Filariasis (commonly known as elephantiasis) is caused by microscopic, thread-like parasitic filarial nematodes (roundworms) including Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, transmitted by Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes mosquitoes.
Filarial worms are helminths/nematodes that inhabit the human lymphatic system.

Key Concept

Classification of human infectious diseases by pathogen type (viral, bacterial, nematode, protozoan) and their biological transmission vectors.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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