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Difficulty: Very hardHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Match the specialized human physiological cell types listed in List-I with their primary secretory products and functions listed in List-II:

  • Juxtaglomerular CellsRenin – An enzymatic hormone that initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to elevate systemic blood pressure
  • Chief (Peptic) CellsPepsinogen – An inactive zymogen converted by hydrochloric acid into a protein-cleaving enzyme
  • Alpha Cells of Pancreatic IsletsGlucagon – A peptide hormone that stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose levels
  • Parafollicular (C) Cells of ThyroidCalcitonin – A peptide hormone that reduces blood calcium levels by suppressing osteoclast activity

Answer

Juxtaglomerular Cells correspond to Renin secretion; Chief Cells correspond to Pepsinogen secretion; Alpha Cells correspond to Glucagon secretion; Parafollicular C Cells correspond to Calcitonin secretion.
The cell types match precisely with their physiological functions: Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin for blood pressure homeostasis; Chief cells secrete pepsinogen for gastric digestion; Alpha cells produce glucagon to elevate blood glucose; and Parafollicular C cells produce calcitonin to reduce blood calcium levels.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze renal endocrine function
Juxtaglomerular cells located in the kidney produce Renin, which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Renin secretion is a key regulator of blood volume and arterial pressure.
2
Analyze gastric secretory mechanisms
Chief cells in gastric mucosa produce Pepsinogen, whereas Parietal cells secrete Hydrochloric Acid (HClHCl).
Pepsinogen must be activated by acidic pH to form pepsin.
3
Analyze endocrine pancreas regulation
Alpha cells secrete Glucagon (hyperglycemic factor), while Beta cells produce Insulin.
Glucagon maintains glucose homeostasis during fasting states.
4
Analyze thyroid calcium-regulating cells
Parafollicular C cells synthesize Calcitonin, which acts as an antagonist to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
Calcitonin decreases blood Ca2+Ca^{2+} concentration by promoting calcium incorporation into bone tissue.

Key Concept

Endocrine and exocrine cell differentiation and functional secretions in human organ systems
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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