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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Match the human hormonal deficiency conditions listed in List-I with their corresponding causative hormonal imbalances in List-II:

  • Diabetes InsipidusHyposecretion of Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone)
  • Addison's DiseaseHyposecretion of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
  • CretinismCongenital deficiency of Thyroid Hormone
  • Diabetes MellitusHyposecretion or impaired action of Insulin

Answer

Diabetes Insipidus corresponds to Hyposecretion of Vasopressin; Addison's Disease corresponds to Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids; Cretinism corresponds to Congenital deficiency of Thyroid Hormone; Diabetes Mellitus corresponds to Hyposecretion or impaired action of Insulin.
Each pathological condition directly matches its underlying endocrine gland defect: Diabetes Insipidus is caused by vasopressin deficiency, Addison's disease by adrenocortical steroid (cortisol) deficiency, Cretinism by infantile hypothyroidism, and Diabetes Mellitus by pancreatic insulin deficiency.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the etiology of Diabetes Insipidus
Vasopressin (ADH) controls water retention in kidney tubules. Its deficiency causes Diabetes Insipidus.
Deficiency of ADH prevents reabsorption of water, causing polyuria and polydipsia without glucose elevation.
2
Identify the etiology of Addison's Disease
Destruction or autoimmune impairment of the adrenal cortex causes deficiency of Cortisol, leading to Addison's disease.
The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids essential for electrolyte balance and stress response.
3
Identify the etiology of Cretinism
Thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development or early infancy causes Cretinism.
Thyroxine is vital for central nervous system maturation and skeletal growth.
4
Identify the etiology of Diabetes Mellitus
Deficiency in secretion or activity of pancreatic Insulin causes Diabetes Mellitus.
Insulin facilitates cellular uptake of glucose; its absence leads to systemic hyperglycemia.

Key Concept

Human Endocrine Physiology and Hormonal Deficiency Pathology
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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