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Difficulty: MediumSoils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

Match the types of Natural Vegetation in India listed in List-I with their dominant characteristic plant species in List-II:

  • Tropical Wet Evergreen ForestsRosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony
  • Tropical Moist Deciduous ForestsTeak, Sal, and Shisham
  • Montane Wet Temperate ForestsRhododendron, Laurel, and Magnolia
  • Tropical Thorn ForestsAcacia, Euphorbia, and Wild Date Palm

Answer

Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests correspond to Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony; Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests correspond to Teak, Sal, and Shisham; Montane Wet Temperate Forests correspond to Rhododendron, Laurel, and Magnolia; Tropical Thorn Forests correspond to Acacia, Euphorbia, and Wild Date Palm.
The natural vegetation of India varies systematically with precipitation and altitudinal temperature gradients. Tropical Wet Evergreen forests host evergreen tropical hardwoods (Rosewood, Mahogany); Tropical Moist Deciduous forests host major commercial deciduous trees (Teak, Sal); Montane Wet Temperate forests feature temperate high-altitude flora (Rhododendron, Magnolia); and Tropical Thorn forests support drought-adapted xerophytes (Acacia, Euphorbia).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the vegetation species associated with heavy rainfall evergreen zones.
Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests occur where annual precipitation exceeds 200 cm200\text{ cm}, producing tall multi-layered canopies featuring Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony.
High humidity and temperature maintain green foliage throughout the year without seasonal shedding.
2
Identify dominant species in moist deciduous forest tracts.
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests cover areas with 100 cm100\text{ cm} to 200 cm200\text{ cm} rainfall and are characterized by Teak, Sal, and Shisham.
These species shed leaves during dry spring and early summer seasons.
3
Identify species in high-altitude temperate humid ecosystems.
Montane Wet Temperate Forests in high-altitude southern ranges (Nilgiris, Anaimalai) and Eastern Himalayas host Rhododendron, Laurel, and Magnolia.
Cool temperate climates with high humidity support broadleaf evergreen flora.
4
Identify vegetation suited to arid and semi-arid conditions.
Tropical Thorn Forests in areas receiving under 50 cm50\text{ cm} rainfall consist of Acacia, Euphorbia, and Wild Date Palm.
Xerophytic adaptations like deep root systems and fleshy stems minimize water loss.

Key Concept

Climatic Zoning and Dominant Species of Indian Natural Vegetation
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Topics

Soils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

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