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Question

Difficulty: EasySpace Technology and Astronomy

Which type of satellite orbit has an orbital period that matches Earth's rotational period of approximately 24 hours, causing the satellite to appear stationary relative to a fixed location on Earth's equator?

  1. Geostationary OrbitAnswer
  2. B
    Polar Orbit
  3. C
    Low Earth Orbit
  4. D
    Medium Earth Orbit

Answer

Geostationary Orbit
A geostationary orbit is a circular orbit situated at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km directly above Earth's equator. Because its orbital period matches Earth's rotational period (~24 hours) and it revolves in the same direction as Earth's rotation (west to east), the satellite remains stationary relative to a point on Earth's surface.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the relationship between satellite orbital period and Earth's rotation period given in the prompt.
The satellite completes one full orbit around Earth in approximately 24 hours, matching Earth's rotational rate.
When a satellite's angular velocity equals Earth's angular velocity of rotation, its relative motion with respect to the ground is zero.
2
Classify the specific orbit located over the equator with this matching 24-hour period.
A circular equatorial orbit at ~35,786 km altitude with a 24-hour period is defined as a Geostationary Orbit (GEO).
This specific orbital configuration ensures constant line-of-sight communication over a fixed region of the Earth.

Key Concept

Geostationary Orbit Characteristics
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Space Technology and Astronomy

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