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Difficulty: MediumMedieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

Arrange the following administrative institutional developments and milestone events of Medieval India in correct chronological order, from the earliest to the latest:

  1. 1Introduction of standardized currency coins, the Silver Tanka and Copper Jital, by Sultan Iltutmish
  2. 2Establishment of the independent Vijayanagara Kingdom in Southern India by Harihara I and Bukka I
  3. 3Division of the Bahmani Sultanate's provincial administration into eight Tarafs by Prime Minister Mahmud Gawan
  4. 4Compilation of the comprehensive administrative and legal judicial code 'Fatawa-i-Alamgiri' under Emperor Aurangzeb

Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Introduction of Silver Tanka and Copper Jital (c. 1220s CE) → Establishment of Vijayanagara Kingdom (1336 CE) → Division of Bahmani Kingdom into eight Tarafs by Mahmud Gawan (c. 1470s CE) → Compilation of Fatawa-i-Alamgiri under Aurangzeb (1667–1675 CE).
The items are arranged correctly in chronological sequence: 1. Introduction of Silver Tanka and Copper Jital by Sultan Iltutmish (early 13th century, c. 1220s CE), 2. Establishment of the Vijayanagara Kingdom (1336 CE), 3. Division of the Bahmani Kingdom into eight Tarafs by Mahmud Gawan (c. 1470s CE), and 4. Compilation of Fatawa-i-Alamgiri under Emperor Aurangzeb (1667–1675 CE).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the historical period for the introduction of Sultanate coinage
Sultan Iltutmish introduced the Silver Tanka and Copper Jital in the early 13th century (c. 1211–1236 CE).
This event belongs to the Mamluk dynasty phase of the Delhi Sultanate.
2
Identify the foundation date of the Vijayanagara Kingdom
Harihara I and Bukka I established the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE.
This occurred during the 14th century, coinciding with the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in Delhi.
3
Locate the administrative reforms of Mahmud Gawan in the Bahmani Sultanate
Mahmud Gawan reorganized Bahmani provincial governance around 1470–1481 CE.
He split the existing four large provinces into eight smaller tarafs to tighten administrative control.
4
Identify the compilation timeframe of Fatawa-i-Alamgiri
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb commissioned Fatawa-i-Alamgiri between 1667 and 1675 CE.
This represents late 17th-century Mughal legal and administrative consolidation.

Key Concept

Chronology of Medieval Indian Dynastic Developments and Administrative Systems
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Topics

Medieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

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