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Difficulty: EasyStatement and Conclusions or Inferences

Consider the provided statements and the given conclusions.

Statements:
1. Sunscreens with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rating of 30 or higher provide adequate protection against harmful UV rays.
2. The brand 'SunShield' exclusively manufactures sunscreens with an SPF rating of 50.

Conclusions:
I. Sunscreens manufactured by 'SunShield' provide adequate protection against harmful UV rays.
II. Sunscreens with an SPF rating below 30 offer absolutely zero protection against UV rays.

Which of the conclusions logically follows from the statements?

  1. Only conclusion I followsAnswer
  2. B
    Only conclusion II follows
  3. C
    Both conclusion I and conclusion II follow
  4. D
    Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows

Answer

Only conclusion I follows.
The first conclusion is a direct deduction because SPF 50 mathematically satisfies the '30 or higher' condition stated in the first premise. The second conclusion makes an unwarranted deductive leap by assuming that failing to meet the 'adequate' threshold equates to offering 'absolutely zero' protection, which is entirely unstated in the passage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Establishes a direct rule: SPF greater than or equal to 30 results in adequate protection.
To identify the specific condition required for adequate UV protection according to the text.
2
Analyze Statement 2 in relation to the rule
'SunShield' sunscreens have an SPF of 50. Since 50 is greater than 30, they meet the condition for adequate protection.
To evaluate if Conclusion I is logically supported by the given facts.
3
Evaluate Conclusion II against the statements
Statement 1 dictates that SPF 30+ is 'adequate', but it provides no information stating that an SPF below 30 provides 'absolutely zero' protection.
To determine if Conclusion II makes an unsupported logical leap or overgeneralization based on the text.
4
Combine the evaluations
Conclusion I is definitively true based on the premises; Conclusion II cannot be logically deduced.
To select the correct final option.

Key Concept

Statement and Conclusions or Inferences
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Topics

Statement and Conclusions or Inferences

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