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Difficulty: MediumMedieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

Match the medieval Vijayanagara administrative and land terms listed in List-I with their correct descriptions in List-II:

  • AmaramLand grants assigned to military commanders (Nayakas) for maintaining army contingents
  • BhandaravadaCrown lands and villages whose revenue directly accrued to the central state treasury
  • ManyaTax-exempt land grants bestowed upon Brahmins, temples, and religious institutions
  • AyagarSystem of twelve hereditary village functionaries responsible for local rural governance

Answer

Amaram correctly matches with land grants assigned to military commanders (Nayakas); Bhandaravada matches with crown lands whose revenue directly accrued to the state treasury; Manya matches with tax-exempt lands granted to temples and Brahmins; and Ayagar matches with the system of twelve hereditary village functionaries.
Each administrative term correctly maps to its functional definition in Vijayanagara governance: Amaram lands were military revenue assignments to Nayakas, Bhandaravada lands were crown villages directly benefiting the royal treasury, Manya lands were tax-exempt grants for religious/learned institutions, and the Ayagar system represented the twelve hereditary village functionaries.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the military land assignment system under the Vijayanagara Empire.
Amaram lands were granted to Nayakas (military leaders) to support military obligations and maintenance of troops.
The Nayankara administrative framework relied on Amaram revenue assignments to maintain standing forces.
2
Distinguish between directly managed crown lands and tax-free institutional holdings.
Bhandaravada designates state-owned crown lands contributing directly to the treasury, whereas Manya signifies tax-exempt grants.
Land classification in Vijayanagara clearly separated state revenue lands from tax-exempt religious and scholarly grants.
3
Identify the structural framework of local village administration.
Ayagar designates the body of twelve hereditary village officers managing rural public works and order.
Grassroots governance in the Vijayanagara countryside was maintained through the autonomous Ayagar officer system.

Key Concept

Vijayanagara Administrative and Land Revenue Terminology
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Medieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

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