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Difficulty: EasyFederal System, Centre-State Relations, and Emergency Provisions

Regarding Financial Emergency under Article 360 of the Constitution of India, which of the following statements are correct?

  1. A proclamation of Financial Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.Answer
  2. During the operation of a Financial Emergency, the President can issue directions to reduce the salaries and allowances of Supreme Court and High Court judges.Answer
  3. C
    A proclamation of Financial Emergency requires repeated parliamentary approval every six months to remain in force.
  4. D
    Financial Emergency under Article 360 has been proclaimed twice in India, first during the 1991 balance of payments crisis.

Answer

The correct statements are that a proclamation of Financial Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months, and that the President can issue directions to reduce the salaries and allowances of Supreme Court and High Court judges during its operation.
The correct provisions are that a Financial Emergency proclamation must be approved within two months by both Houses of Parliament and that the President holds constitutional authority to direct salary reductions for judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts during its operation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the parliamentary approval timeframe for Financial Emergency under Article 360.
Article 360 stipulates a two-month timeframe for approval by both Houses of Parliament after proclamation by the President.
Establishing the constitutional requirement for legislative concurrence.
2
Examine executive powers regarding salary reductions during Financial Emergency.
The executive authority extends to reducing salaries of constitutional positions, including Supreme Court and High Court judges.
Verifying the economic control mechanisms authorized under Article 360.
3
Evaluate duration/extension rules and historical application of Article 360.
No periodic six-month re-approval is needed once passed, and Article 360 has never been invoked in Indian history.
Distinguishing Financial Emergency rules from National Emergency rules and confirming historical facts.

Key Concept

Financial Emergency provisions under Article 360 of the Constitution of India
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Topics

Federal System, Centre-State Relations, and Emergency Provisions

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