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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

In the context of human health, epidemiology, and disease etiology, which of the following statements regarding human diseases and their causative pathogens are correct?

  1. Japanese Encephalitis is a viral infection affecting the central nervous system, primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes.Answer
  2. B
    Typhoid fever is a acute gastrointestinal infection caused by a protozoan parasite transmitted through fecal-oral contamination.
  3. Hepatitis B is a viral infection targeting hepatocytes in the liver, capable of causing both acute hepatitis and long-term chronic liver damage.Answer
  4. D
    Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease primarily affecting lungs, caused by an opportunistic fungal pathogen.

Answer

The statements confirming that Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, and that Hepatitis B is a viral liver infection, are correct.
The statements identifying Japanese Encephalitis as a mosquito-borne viral infection and Hepatitis B as a viral liver disease are scientifically accurate. Both correctly specify the pathogen category and clinical target.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the etiology and transmission mode of Japanese Encephalitis.
Japanese Encephalitis is confirmed to be caused by a virus (JEV) and vectored by Culex mosquitoes.
Accurate pathogen classification (viral) and vector identification (Culex mosquito).
2
Evaluate the causative agent of Typhoid fever.
Typhoid fever is identified as a bacterial infection (Salmonella Typhi), contradicting the claim of a protozoan parasite.
Salmonella Typhi is a bacterium that infects the intestinal tract and bloodstream.
3
Analyze the target organ and pathogen of Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is verified as a viral disease affecting hepatocytes in the human liver.
HBV is a double-stranded DNA virus specifically targeting hepatic tissue.
4
Evaluate the pathogen type of Tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is identified as a bacterial disease (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), contradicting the fungal pathogen claim.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rod-shaped bacterium with a unique waxy cell wall.

Key Concept

Etiological Classification of Human Communicable Diseases
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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